What is the difference between decoding and fluency in reading?

Decoding and fluency are two distinct but interrelated components of the reading process. Decoding refers specifically to the ability to translate written text into spoken words; it involves recognizing letter patterns, understanding letter-sound relationships (phonics), and sounding out words. This skill is crucial for beginners, as it lays the foundational ability to read words accurately, even if comprehension is still being developed.

On the other hand, fluency encompasses the ability to read with speed, accuracy, and expression. A fluent reader can recognize words automatically and group them into meaningful phrases, allowing for a smoother and more engaging reading experience. This includes not just reading quickly, but also conveying the emotions and intentions behind the text through voice modulation and phrasing.

The correct answer highlights this distinction seamlessly. Decoding specifically deals with the mechanical aspect of reading—turning print into spoken language—while fluency involves how well a reader can perform this task in a way that maintains the flow and engagement of reading. Understanding this distinction is crucial for educators as it informs their approach to teaching reading skills.